《保险研究》20240907-《给付性保险中保险利益规则的重构》（郑舒涵、何丽新）

［摘   要］现今给付性保险利益发挥的制度功能有限，仅能发挥防范道德风险的补充作用，且会引发逆向道德风险，阻碍保险市场的发展。此外，学界对保险利益还存有“刚性父爱主义”的诟病。然而，同意主义通过当事人的自主选择能有效防范道德风险，适应社会关系的多元发展，促进商事效率。基于科学立法方案选择的合理性和可行性分析，在对身体价值、生命价值和自治价值进行法益衡量后，宜对道德风险程度不同的给付性保险采不同态度。对于一般给付保险，采同意主义替代保险利益原则；对于死亡给付保险，兼用同意主义与保险利益原则，其中团体死亡给付保险例外地排除保险利益原则的适用。对于死亡给付保险利益的主体，应修改为受益人，并扩张具体归属对象，将非婚同居者、特定商业关系和人寿保险信托的受托人纳入。

［关键词］保险利益；同意主义；一般给付性保险；死亡给付性保险

［基金项目］本文系教育部人文社会科学研究青年项目“普惠保险对保险法的挑战及应对研究”(22YJC820040)以及中央高校基本科研费专项资金资助项目“普惠保险协同社会治理现代化研究”(20720191065)的阶段性成果。

［作者简介］郑舒涵，厦门大学法学院博士研究生，研究方向：保险法、海商法；何丽新，厦门大学法学院教授、博士生导师，研究方向：保险法、海商法。

Reconstruction of Insurable Interest Rules in Benefit-payment Insurance

ZHENG Shu-han,HE Li-xin

Abstract：Nowadays,the insurable interest of benefit-payment insurance plays a limited institutional function,which can only play a supplementary role in preventing moral hazard,and it causes reverse moral hazard and hinders the development of insurance market.In addition,the academic community has criticized insurable interest as “rigid paternalism”.However,the principle of consent can effectively prevent moral hazard through the autonomous choice of the parties,adapt to the diversified development of social relations and promote commercial efficiency.Based on the analysis of the rationality and feasibility of the choice of the scientific legislative scheme,it is appropriate to adopt different attitudes towards the benefit-payment insurance with different levels of moral hazard after the legal interests of the value of the body,the value of the life and the value of autonomy are weighed:for general benefit-payment insurance,the principle of insurable interest shall be replaced by the principle of consent;for death benefit-payment insurance,the principle of consent and the principle of insurable interest shall be applied,in which the application of the principle of insurable interest shall be exceptionally excluded for group death benefit insurance.For the subject of insurable interest of the death benefit,it should be revised as the beneficiary,and the specific attribution objects shall be expanded to include unmarried cohabitants,specific business relationships and trustees of life insurance trusts.

Key words：insurable interest;consent doctrine;general benefit-payment insurance;death benefit insurance