《保险研究》20240703-《日本农业收入保险：缘何而起、制度安排与镜鉴启示》（江生忠、郭修琪、赵君彦、江时鲲）

［摘   要］他山之石,可以为错。研究发达国家农业收入保险典型制度安排,对于推动我国农业收入保险发展具有重要意义。2019年1月,日本开始全面推行农业收入保险,科学的制度设计使其成为日本农业“安全网”的重要组成部分,在稳定农民收入、提升农业竞争力等方面效果显著。本文分析了日本推行农业收入保险的起因缘由,主要是农业风险变化使农户对农业保险产品产生新需求、新农政改革背景下政府鼓励农户自主经营,以及贸易自由化进程中“增绿减黄”政策的需要；并从运营体系、赔付机制等方面对制度安排进行了深入探究。面对相似情境,中国可借鉴日本农业收入保险的发展经验改进农业收入保险制度：第一,政府统筹规划,全国整体推进,强化顶层设计和配套设施；第二,完善农业统计制度,夯实数据基础；第三,明晰制度细节安排,提升精细化服务水平。

［关键词］收入保险；农业保险；日本农业；农业政策

［基金项目］国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“农业保险高质量发展:内涵诠释、评价体系与实现路径”(编号22FGLB061)。

［作者简介］江生忠,南开大学金融学院教授、博士生导师,南开大学农业保险研究中心主任,研究方向:农业保险；郭修琪(通讯作者),南开大学金融学院博士研究生；赵君彦,河北农业大学经济管理学院教授,研究方向:农村金融；江时鲲,中国人寿财产保险股份有限公司产品创新部。

Agricultural Income Insurance Program in Japan:Origin,Institutional Arrangements and Enlightenment

JIANG Sheng-zhong,GUO Xiu-qi,ZHAO Jun-yan,JIANG Shi-kun

Abstract：The experiences of others can serve as valuable lessons.Studying the typical arrangements of agricultural income insurance in developed countries is crucial for promoting the development of such insurance in our country.In January 2019,Japan began comprehensively implementing agricultural income insurance.The scientific design of its system has made it a key part of Japan′s agricultural "safety net," significantly stabilizing farmers′ incomes and enhancing agricultural competitiveness.This article analyzes the reasons behind Japan′s implementation of agricultural income insurance,focusing primarily on the changes in agricultural risks that  creates new demands for agricultural insurance products,the government′s encouragement of farmers′ independent operation under new agricultural policy reforms,and the need for "greening and reducing yellows" policies amid trade liberalization.It delves into the institutional arrangements from the perspectives of the operational system and compensation mechanisms.Facing similar circumstances,China can draw on Japan′s experiences in developing agricultural income insurance to improve its own system.Firstly,the government should plan comprehensively,implement nationwide,and strengthen top-level design and supporting infrastructure.Secondly,the agricultural statistics system should be improved to solidify the data foundation.Thirdly,the details of the system arrangements should be clarified to enhance the level of refined services.

Key words：income insurance;agricultural insurance;Japanese agriculture;agricultural policy